Health Ministry sleeping as foreign NGOs warn of Mystery disease outbreak in Uganda.

Health Ministry sleeping as foreign NGOs warn of Mystery disease outbreak in Uganda.

UGANDA IN THE FOREIGN NEWS: Apart from the famous “pair of bittocks story” of the sanitary pads activists Dr.Stella Nyanzi, Uganda is in the foreign news for another bad reason after mystery diseases country has been discovered in Kamwenge, west of the country.

Health push in Uganda after mystery disease turns out to be ‘mossy foot’

Scientists dispatched to western Uganda to investigate suspected outbreak of elephantiasis instead find tropical disease with no previous history in the country.

A public health campaign has been launched in western Uganda after scientists unexpectedly found the region was afflicted by a tropical disease that causes disfigurement and swelling.

The discovery came to light after experts were dispatched to Kamwenge district to investigate an outbreak of lymphatic filariasis, more commonly known as elephantiasis. A team of specialists from the Ugandan ministry of health, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was surprised to find that the condition causing limbs to swell was in fact podoconiosis, also known as non-filarial elephantiasis. The disease was previously unknown in the region.

Unlike lymphatic elephantiasis, which is contracted when a parasitic worm is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, podoconiosis – also known as “mossy foot” because it causes moss-like warts called hyperkeratotic papilloma – is contracted by walking barefoot on irritant volcanic soils. Blood samples taken by scientists from 52 people tested for lymphatic filariasis found no worms present.

Philip Rosenthal, professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, and editor of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, which published the findings this month, said: “The study was pioneering in discovering that this syndrome was causing serious morbidity in a part of the world where previously we had no idea that podoconiosis existed. The real key is preventing this in future generations.”

Podoconiosis, a progressive, non-infectious disease with symptoms that include itching, foot pain and swelling, can lay undetected for decades, but is treatable.

Dr Christine Kihembo, a senior field epidemiologist with the Ugandan health ministry and the study’s lead author, said many patients had probably been “suffering silently without help for more than 30 years”

Kihembo said Kamwenge district was forested until the 1960s, when migrants looking for farmland began tilling the soil. Early symptoms of the disease went undetected because it was never documented in western Uganda.

She said patients may not have associated initial symptoms with soil contact, and that “there was a tendency among those affected to stay at home with their disability and not go to a health facility”.

Gail Davey, professor of global health epidemiology at Brighton and Sussex Medical School and founder of the NGO Footwork, said it was unsurprising the disease had gone unnoticed for decades because it is the very poorest areas that are affected.

Podoconiosis affects an estimated 4 million people globally and is found in the highland areas of Africa, Latin America and south-east Asia.

It is caused by an inflammatory reaction to minerals in volcanic soils. On contact, the minerals penetrate the skin, causing severe itching and pain. They are taken up by white blood cells, triggering inflammation that produces a thickening of scar tissue, causing swelling and ulcerated sores in the lower limbs. Typically, both lower limbs are affected. Unlike parasitic elephantiasis, it rarely affects the genitals.

Many people avoid sufferers because they believe the disease to be infectious. Davey said the disease is “highly stigmatised, probably more so than leprosy”, with sufferers often hidden away in communities, where it is seen as a curse.